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Black Leadership Analysis

This is an unofficial Spiral Dynamics blog. It is not endorsed by D. Beck PhD.

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AIDS Epidemic

Analysis of Kemron Trials

Dr. Abdul Alim Muhammad made two bold claims about the industry of HIV treatment. The first is the disease, and the lack of a cure in the 1990s was the result of a conspiracy to kill black people. According to Dr. Alim, the US government created HIV as a depopulation effort. The second claim was he was discriminated against in contracting because he was straight Black Muslim. Both of those claims will be evaluated in more detail.

Was HIV/AIDS a government experiment to kill Black people?

It is not possible to know how AIDS came to be. If it was developed as an instrument of biological warfare, the government would never admit to it. However, one can evaluate the current availability of treatment to determine if there is an effort to cure whites while keeping blacks sick. According to the CDC in 1990 of every 100,000 people that died 10.2 died of HIV. In 2016 of every 100,000 people that died 1.8 died of HIV. So the disease is far less deadly now than at any other time.

The CDC has also created many initiatives to help the Black Community fight HIV/AIDS. One of these initiatives is “Act Against AIDS.” One of the branches focuses on removing the stigma of HIV through internet videos. These videos showcase people of color affected by the disease. They also present HIV information that the average person would not know. Another branch encourages testing and has enlisted singer Trey Songz as a spokesman. Ultimately the CDC is implementing a holistic plan to reduce infection rates in the African-American community.

Part of the reason for such a stiff decline in HIV/ AIDS deaths is the availability of free or low-cost treatment. One of the largest providers of free and low-cost AIDS treatment in the country is the Whitman Walker Clinic. Even during the 1990s two-thirds of their patients were minorities and four-fifths of the people in their assisted housing were black. In 1994, two of the four former presidents of the organization were black.[40] They also had black board members and health care providers. The clinic has expanded to include mental health care and dental care. Whitman Walker is a stellar example of racially aware medical treatment.

There are indeed more Blacks living with HIV by percentage than any other racial group. However, there are also many programs to address the issue in our community spearheaded by government. Concocting wild conspiracy theories or stigmatizing the Black LGBT community as brainwashed is not helping anything. What will help, is reducing stigma and increasing awareness about treatment. There is no grand scheme to kill off blacks with HIV. There is no real evidence that such a plan ever existed.

Was Dr. Alim discriminated against because he was a straight Black Muslim?

Even though Dr. Alim did not receive the multi-million dollar contract to become the District’s primary healthcare provider, he won several smaller contracts. According to the Chicago Tribune he won $213,000 in 1993 and $333,000 in 1994 through the Ryan White Fund.

Dr. Alim was indeed treated unfairly when applying for the 1993 contract for an HIV/AIDS media campaign. He submitted his complaint and the director of the DC HIV/AIDS Agency was forced to resign. His compliant was taken seriously and he was given the contract after the conclusion of the investigation.

Previous medications for AIDS such as AZT and DDC were indeed used for several months before clinical trials began. But when they were implemented in the late 1980s the medical community was desperate for a treatment. By the mid-1990s, there were four medications to treat HIV/AIDS. So there was not the same urgency to move drugs along. The reduction in urgency led to Dr. Alim’s cure having a slower progression through FDA approval.

It is also important to remember the Nation of Islam has made inflammatory statements about Jews, LGBT people, and Whites. The NOI believes that homosexuality is not native to Africa and solely the result of colonization. Even a cursory reading of the Final Call one will find references to “Satanic Jews.” Whites are called “devils” in the teachings of Master Fard Muhammad. Therefore, whites, Jews, and LGBT people have every right to question and work to stop the NOI from gaining influence. Black people would act no differently toward a group that made similar statements about them. Even though the NOI has never acted violently toward any of the groups in question, inflammatory rhetoric can spark a backlash that could impede business deals.

To be clear, the NOI believes homosexuality to not be natural to black people. Colonial brainwashing or the effects of various drugs induce the condition. They believe there is a grand conspiracy to effeminate black men and make black women more masculine. The goal is to reduce the population of black people. Farrakhan liberally uses LGBT slurs in his speeches and links homosexuality to pedophilia. He claims the Jewish Talmud sanctions both abominations. Once one realizes Farrakhan’s position, it makes sense that Jews, and LGBT people fought against him.

It is also unrealistic to think a company headed by a man that publicly accused the government of creating HIV/AIDS to kill black people would have no problems winning government contracts. In reality, if the government wanted to railroad him, that could charge him with slander. The government could have also labeled the NOI a hate group. The fact he won contracts and a medical trial from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) shows he was not signaled out or there were not a large group of government officials working against him.

Although there was not a grand conspiracy to railroad Dr. Alim arbitrarily because he was a straight Black Muslim, there were people that did not want him to succeed. Their motivation was more than likely due to his public inflammatory statements and genuine concern about how he would treat patients. If a White doctor were part of an organization that made similar statements, blacks would be up in arms and advocating for him not to be awarded contracts.

So if the clinic had any discrepancy in a tax filing, then, of course, people were going to be looking for it. Once found, they would use the harshest penalties to slow down the work of the clinic. It is also possible the NIH purposefully gave the trial oversight to a company in financial trouble. They could have felt political pressure not to deny a black company a trial, so they sandbagged them with a company that was not financially solvent. It is just as possible that they didn’t believe the drug to be effective due to the previous trial by the World Health Organization. No reason to give the best resources or oversight company for a drug that is more than likely, not effective.

It is also odd that if the drug was effective, they had such trouble finding participants for the study. There were over a dozen medical facilities involved with the study all over the nation. Even if the IRS hampered operations at the Abundant Life Clinic, there were two other facilities in the DC area that could participate in the trial, Howard and Georgetown University. With HIV/AIDS being one of the most prevalent diseases in the country, getting 560 patients should have been no problem even with a few clinics out of commission.

It is far more logical the treatment didn’t work, and those that received the treatment did not recommend it to friends that were also suffering. Even in all the articles on the subject reviewed for this blog, only two people claimed to be cured, Lashaun Evans and Demetrius Muhammad. All the other reports of success came from doctors using alpha-interferon therapy. The only evidence from a participant in the clinical trials came from Rocky Thomas that had an eight-year-old daughter with AIDS. In a 2000 article, she said the Kemron only worked for a short amount of time. Then she took her daughter off the medicine because it was ineffective.[75]

Dr. Alim has not used Alpha Interferon therapy since 2009.[79] He uses sour raw milk to treat viral infections. He said in a 2018 interview that if a person takes raw milk and leaves it out for four days at room temperature, it will properly sour. Once a person consumes the sour milk, the body will absorb the proper mix of all the various interferons. There are more than sixteen types of interferon. So Dr. Alim no longer uses Kemron.

Why is this important?

The NOI has performed many vital services for the Black community. They have reformed many people returning from prison, cleaned up drug-infested neighborhoods, and given insightful commentary on the plight of black America. However, they do Black people a disservice by promoting wild over-arching conspiracy theories that all whites or the entire government are conspiring to kill blacks. There have indeed been instances such as “The Tuskegee Experiment” when the medical community has failed Blacks. However, there is no grand conspiracy involving the entire government to kill Black people. A sober evaluation of Dr. Alim and the Kemron trials shows that. Besides, HIV/AIDS is now a completely manageable disease with many avenues to receive free or low-cost care, not the cause of Black genocide.

Currently, the NOI is pushing an anti-vaccination campaign. They are using many of the same wild conspiracy theories used in the 1990s on the origin of AIDS. Now the NOI says that vaccines cause autism. The claim that vaccine caused autism has been debunked since 2011, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Hopefully, parents will do all the proper research before deciding on vaccination.

Not getting vaccinated could be doubly damaging for a community with limited access for healthcare due to poverty. Unfortunately, a group as prominent as the Nation of Islam would not give their followers and supporters all the necessary information. It is even more unfortunate when outlets like “Sway in the Morning” or “The Breakfast Club” help promote misinformation. I am sure the readers of this article will make the right decision in regards to vaccination.

Sources

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/concerns/autism.html

Kemron Trial Sources

Abundant Life and the Kemron Trials

The first reported AIDS case happened in June 1981. Unlike any other disease, it attacked the body’s ability to fight infection in stages. The first stage a person contracts the illness but shows no signs of the disease. Then they experience flu-like symptoms. Later, Progressive Swollen Lymph Nodes (PGL) makes the patient suffer more. Finally, white blood cell counts drops from over 10,000 to 40. At that point, full AIDS sets in. The disease mostly affects the underprivileged in America and Africa.

One of those affected was Dr. Davy Koech. He was a member of the Kenyan Medical Research Institute and charged with finding a low-cost cure for AIDS in 1989. He had recently lost a friend to the disease. During Koech’s search, he stumbled on an article in a veterinary magazine on cows suffering from a condition similar to AIDS. The researcher found high amounts of a protein called alpha-interferon in their nasal mucus. An alpha-interferon injection cured the cows. Somehow this elusive protein rebuilt the cow’s immune system.

Later researchers discovered that humans make the same protein. Dr. Koech devised a way to add the protein to a powder and give it to patients who have AIDS in Kenya. The Kenyan trials lasted eighteen months treated 795 patients with only 19 dying of AIDS. Of the 19 that died, 4-5 stopped taking the medication against doctors orders. The medicine was named Kemron when derived from dairy proteins and Immunex when derived from human protein. The success of the trial was announced at a press conference in July of 1990. Not only was it effective, a six month supply only cost $1,500.

The announcement eventually made it’s way to medical journals in the USA. Dr. Abdul Alim Muhammad was trying to find a treatment for the epidemic that had been ravaging the black community. He decided to go to Africa to evaluate the claim himself. At first, he admits to being skeptical, but after his investigation, he believed in the drug. By October of 1991, he began treating patients in the USA. Of Dr. Alim’s 75 patients, 90% experienced relief from symptoms in two to three weeks.

Dr. Alim was not the only person that heard about the miracle cure. LaShaun Evans contracted HIV in 1990. She flew to Kenya for treatment was cured. Dr. Koech also claimed to have cured a Kenyan government official that wanted to remain anonymous.

Even though Dr. Alim and a few others were convinced, the mainstream medical community was not. The AIDS Research Advisory Committee (ARAC) which is a branch of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) said there was no scientific support to the claim that interferon is effective in the treatment of AIDS. They studied 108 patients in Africa and found no evidence that the virus was contained. Even Wayne Greaves, an associate professor of medicine at Howard University, felt there was no overwhelming evidence of the effectiveness.

Undeterred by the critics, Dr. Aim assembled a network of seventy doctors across ten cities. All were successfully treating patients with versions of alpha-interferon. These independent trials led to a National Medical Association endorsement. The National Institute of Health (NIH) also reversed their original position and supported trials on alpha-interferon. Part of the reason NIH reversed the decision was many in the Black community accused them of dismissing research from an African.

What made Dr. Alim and his associates’ treatment different was it required ingestion by sticking a lozenge under the patient’s tongue. The lozenge would melt and be absorbed by the mucous membrane. If the stomach lining absorbed the lozenge, nothing would happen. These interferon proteins are produced naturally by the mucous membranes and it takes a mucous membrane to absorb the protein. Dr. Alim also added a regiment prohibiting junk food, alcohol, and cigarettes.

Abundant Life was not only testing AIDS medication, but it also provided general services like AIDS awareness. The DC AIDS Agency was looking for a group to distribute AIDS Awareness pamphlets to the urban community. One of the bidders for this contract was Abundant Life. During the review process, Abundant Life not only had the lowest bid but had the highest evaluation score. Caitlin Ryan and others at the AIDS agency allegedly conspired to keep the contract from going to Abundant Life. Dr. Alim filed a complaint in June of 1993. The investigation resulted in the dismissal of five DC government employees, including Caitlin Ryan.

Dr. Alim then realized he must go above an beyond to win these contracts. He decided to form a coalition of Black and Latino AIDS Activists and Clinics. The new group was named after the Ghanaian symbol for health, Sankofa. By pooling resources and experience that can compete against the companies that normally get the $11 million in federal subsidies. Sankofa incorporated in August of 1993. The most formidable of the competitors was the Whitman Walker Health Clinic that started in 1973. They would compete for the 1.2 million dollar contract to provide AIDS services to the city.

Whitman Walker Health began as a venereal disease clinic for gay men. When the AIDS epidemic began in the early 1980s, gay men were at the forefront. Whitman Walker Health became one of the first large scale operations that tested and treated HIV patients. By the 1990s they have expanded into Maryland and Virginia. When contracts were up for bidding, it was challenging to match their experience and proven record of success.

The reason there were so many black organizations to fight AIDS in the 1990s was the changing demographics of the disease. In the 1980s, 56% of AIDS patients were black, by the 1990s it was 75%. In addition, 25 -30% of the incarcerated population, that is majority black, had HIV. Many of the new minority patients contracted the disease through intravenous drug use and did not feel comfortable going to LGBT+ white people for treatment. Also, minorities were suspicious of white medical care in general. The government recently released the files from the Tuskegee Experiment. The experiment allowed dozens of black men to suffer from syphilis when a cure was readily available. There were also rumors, often spread by the Nation of Islam, that the AIDS virus was artificially developed to kill black people. All these factors led to Blacks and Latinos to want care from those within their community.

At the same time, the black community was skeptical of the white medical establishment; the LGBT+ community was suspicious of Dr. Alim, who was the national spokesman for the Nation of Islam. The NOI has made many inflammatory statements about the LGBT+ community. They had even gone as far as to say there were no LGBT+ people in Africa before colonialism. The idea of homosexuality being a colonial phenomenon goes far beyond typical conservative stances against gays and lesbians. Dr. Alim had also been public about his opposition to condoms being dispensed at schools and free needle programs. The gay members of Sankofa expressed their concern but felt unity was important if they were going to compete with more established health care organizations.

In June of 1994, Whitman Walker Health won the $1.2 million contract with the right to renew without competition for four years. This contract was the largest involving AIDS treatment that year in DC and Sankofa was the leading competitor in the two-stage bidding process. The first panel rated Whitman Walker and Sankofa equally. Whitman Walker’s numerous volunteers and previous AIDS prevention efforts gave them the edge in the second panel.

Leaders in Sankofa did not take the decision laying down. Alonzo Fair, a Sankofa spokesman and leader of URBAN, wrote letters to city human services officials weekly during the bidding process. Flair said he doubted Sankofa would be treated fairly unless the officials were pressured. He also questioned the legality of the second panel. Dr. Alim is quoted as saying, “This would signal no one in city hall hears or cares about the under-served.” The Washington Post also quoted him as saying “bad news for all the communities that are most affected by this epidemic east of the Anacostia River…I can only speculate in an election year.. whether some kind of political deal has been cut.” [36] The decision to award the contract to Whitman Walker came within days of a prominent LGBT community organization endorsing then-mayor Sharon Pratt Kelly. It is also important to remember Mayor Kelly named a day in honor of Abdul Alim Muhammad two years earlier.

The goal of forming Abundant Life was not just to win government contracts, but prove low does alpha-interferon works. By 1993, the World Health Organization conducted a sixty-week study by black doctors that could not prove Kemron worked. In addition, studies by National Institutes of Health (NIH) on various alpha-interferon drugs could not conclusively prove the treatment worked. Part of the problem with the trial is no one fully understood alpha-interferon and how it works in the body, including Dr. Alim. Therefore if the test did have shortcomings, one could not modify the trial.

After twelve delays, the NIH trials began on April 19, 1996. The study did not only include community health facilities like Abundant Life and the AIDS Community Consortium. They also used established mainstream health care facilities such as Georgetown University Medical Center, Medical Center of Delaware, and the University of Minnesota Hospital. To participate in the study, one had to be over 13 years old and have a CD4+ T-cell count of 50 to 350 cells per cubic millimeter of blood. Inmates were not included in the trial despite the advocacy of Dr. Alim. The trials called for 560 patients.

Unfortunately, the day the trial was announced the IRS froze many of Abundant Life Clinics accounts and put a levy on $23,000 the DC government owed the clinic for AIDS services already rendered. The clinic was accused of not paying payroll taxes. Dr. Alim admitted he would not be surprised if they did have a tax filing discrepancy. [67] According to sources in the press, the clinic owed between $90,000 to $174,000. A similar fate befell Dr. Barbara Justice another facility that was part of the Kemron trials. A third facility ran by Dr. David Jordan had its funding sources dry up. Many, including Dr. Alim believed this legal trouble was due to a government conspiracy. However, there were still over a dozen other clinics not affected by the IRS or funding issues involved in the study.

National Institutes of Health (NIH) contracted the Division of AIDS Treatment Research Institute (DATRI) to oversee the study. Unbeknownst to Dr. Alim or the other researchers DATRI was in financial trouble and had to shut its doors by the end of 1997 after only being in business six years. One of the researchers, Dr. Austin, believed NIH never wanted to conduct the trial so they contracted DATRI because they knew they would go out of business.

Only 233 patients enrolled of the needed 560. The trials ended early on July 31, 1997, due to lack of participation. Even if the trial went to its 18-month completion, the goal would not have been met. The difficulty in finding patients was listed as the official reason the trial stopped. Black media, including the NOI’s “Final Call” covered the trials and disseminated information on how to volunteer. However, in the end, all the efforts were not enough.

Kemron Trial Sources

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